집합 산술 연산자¶

SET, MULTISET, LIST¶

컬렉션 타입(SET, MULTISET, LIST (= SEQUENCE)) 데이터에 대해 합집합, 차집합, 교집합을 구하기 위해서 각각 +, -, * 연산자를 사용할 수 있다.

<value_expression>  <set_arithmetic_operator> <value_expression>

    <value_expression> ::=
        collection_value |
        NULL

    <set_arithmetic_operator> ::=
        + (합집합) |
        - (차집합) |
        * (교집합)

다음은 컬렉션 타입이 피연산자인 경우, 연산별 결과 데이터 타입을 나타낸 표이다.

피연산자의 타입별 결과 데이터 타입

	SET	MULTISET	LIST
SET	+ , - , * : SET	+ , - , * : MULTISET	+ , - , * : MULTISET
MULTISET	+ , - , * : MULTISET	+ , - , * : MULTISET	+ , - , * : MULTISET
LIST (=SEQUENCE)	+, -, * : MULTISET	+, -, * : MULTISET	+ : LIST -, * : MULTISET

다음은 컬렉션 타입을 가지고 산술 연산을 수행하는 예이다.

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS SET))+(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as set))+( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS MULTISET))+(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as multiset))+( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS LIST))+(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as sequence))+( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS SET))-(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as set))-( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS MULTISET))-(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as multiset))-( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1, 2, 3}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS LIST))-(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as sequence))-( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {1, 2, 3}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS SET))*(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as set))*( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {2, 3}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS MULTISET))*(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as multiset))*( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
  {2, 3, 3}

SELECT ((CAST ({3,3,3,2,2,1} AS LIST))*(CAST ({4,3,3,2} AS MULTISET)));

 (( cast({3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1} as sequence))*( cast({4, 3, 3, 2} as multiset)))
======================
{2, 3, 3}

변수에 컬렉션 값 할당¶

컬렉션 값을 변수에 할당하기 위해서는 외부 질의가 하나의 행만을 반환해야 한다.

다음은 컬렉션 값을 변수에 할당하는 방법을 나타내는 예제이다. 다음과 같이 외부 질의는 하나의 행만을 반환해야 한다.

CREATE TABLE people (
    ssn VARCHAR(10),
    name VARCHAR(255)
);

INSERT INTO people
VALUES ('1234', 'Ken'), ('5678', 'Dan'), ('9123', 'Jones');

SELECT SET(SELECT name
FROM people
WHERE ssn in {'1234', '5678'})
TO :name_group;